Environmental pollution from tire wear: an invisible chemical problem

Authors

  • María Fernanda Ramírez-Manjarrez Posgrado en Biociencias, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, 36500, Km. 9.0 Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
  • Israel Castro-Ramírez Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales. División de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, 36500, Km. 9.0 Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
  • Omar Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales. División de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, 36500, Km. 9.0 Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.

Keywords:

6PPD, emerging contaminants, environmental toxicology

Abstract

Environmental impact derived from tire wear has been studied in recent years, due to its effects on aquatic and terrestrial organisms, resulting from the dispersion of chemical compounds present in these products. Among them, the antioxidant 6PPD and its transformation product, 6PPD-Q, stand out as emerging contaminants associated with environmental toxic effects. Despite advances in understanding the environmental behavior, the available knowledge remains limited, particularly in countries such as Mexico, highlighting the need to continue investigating their biological effects and the risks associated with prolonged exposure to environmental and human health.

Author Biographies

María Fernanda Ramírez-Manjarrez, Posgrado en Biociencias, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, 36500, Km. 9.0 Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.

María Fernanda Ramírez Manjarrez is a Master's student in Biosciences (SNP) at the Division of Life Sciences, Irapuato-Salamanca Campus of the University of Guanajuato. She is currently studying the effects of emerging contaminants on terrestrial and aquatic organisms, as well as their exposure, using chromatographic techniques and biomarker assessment.

Israel Castro-Ramírez, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales. División de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, 36500, Km. 9.0 Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.

Dr. Israel Castro-Ramírez holds a PhD in Biosciences from the University of Guanajuato. He is a Candidate in the National System of Researchers (SNII) and a Professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences, Division of Life Sciences, at the University of Guanajuato. He specializes in the detection and quantification of contaminants in environmental and biological matrices and is currently focused on the standardization of chromatographic methods for the determination of emerging contaminants.

Omar, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales. División de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Guanajuato, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, 36500, Km. 9.0 Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.

Dr. Omar Cruz Santiago is a graduate of the Multidisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences at the Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí. He is a Level 1 member of the National System of Researchers (SNII) and a research professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences at the Division of Life Sciences of the University of Guanajuato. He specializes in the ecotoxicological evaluation of emerging contaminants in aquatic and terrestrial organisms. He currently leads the project "Determining the Effects of and Exposure to Contaminants from Tire Wear" at the Division of Life Sciences.

References

Tian, Z., Zhao, H., Peter, K. T., Gonzalez, M., Wetzel, J., Wu, C., Hu, X., Prat, J., Mudrock, E., Hettinger, R., Cortina, A. E., Biswas, R. G., Kock, F. V. C., Soong, R., Jenne, A., Du, B., Hou, F., He, H., Lundeen, R., … Kolodziej, E. P. (2021). A ubiquitous tire rubber–derived chemical induces acute mortality in coho salmon. Science, 371(6525), 185–189. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abd6951

Ding, Y., y Wang, W.-X. (2026). Tissue-specific bioaccumulation and hepatotoxicity of 6PPD and 6PPD-Quinone in zebrafish. Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 8, 307–318. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enceco.2025.11.029

Zhao, H. N., Thomas, S. P., Zylka, M. J., Dorrestein, P. C., y Hu, W. (2023). Urine Excretion, Organ Distribution, and Placental Transfer of 6PPD and 6PPD-Quinone in Mice and Potential Developmental Toxicity through Nuclear Receptor Pathways. Environmental Science and Technology, 57(36), 13429–13438. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c05026

Ihenetu, C.S., Xu, Q., Fang, L., Azeem, M., Li, G. y Enyoh, E.C. (2025). 6PPD and 6PPD-Quinone in the Urban Environment: Assessing Exposure Pathways and Human Health Risks. Urban Science, 9(228). https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9060228

Jiao, F., Zhao, Y., Yue, Q., Wang, Q., Li, Z., Lin, W., Han, L., y Wei, L. (2025). Chronic toxicity mechanisms of 6PPD and 6PPD-Quinone in zebrafish. Environmental Science and Ecotechnology, 25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ese.2025.100567

Masset, T., Breider, F., Renaud, M., Müller, J., Bergmann, A., Vermeirssen, E., Dudefoi, W., Schirmer, K. y Ferrari, B.J.D. (2025). Effects of tire particles on earthworm (Eisenia andrei) fitness and bioaccumulation of tire-related chemicals. Environmental Pollution, 368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.12578

Du, B., Liang, B., Li, Y., Shen, M., Liu, L.-Y., & Zeng, L. (2022). First Report on the Occurrence of N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and 6PPD-Quinone as Pervasive Pollutants in Human Urine from South China. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 9(12), 1056–1062. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00821

Downloads

Published

2026-06-19

How to Cite

Ramírez-Manjarrez, M. F., Castro-Ramírez, I., & Omar. (2026). Environmental pollution from tire wear: an invisible chemical problem . Revista De divulgación científica IBIO, 8(3), 374. Retrieved from https://revistaibio.com/ojs33/index.php/main/article/view/374

Issue

Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026)

Section

Hot Science

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Revista de divulgación científica iBIO

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Self-archiving or deposit of the works in their post-publication version (editorial version) is permitted in any personal, institutional or thematic repository, social or scientific networks. The above applies from the moment of publication of the article in question on the website of the Revista de divulgación científica iBIO.